Lithium batteries for photovoltaics
Lithium batteries for photovoltaics
Energy storage revolution: Discover the advantages of a LiFePO4 lithium battery with Smart BMS
Welcome to the future of energy storage! In a world where sustainability has become more critical than ever, finding innovative solutions to power our lives efficiently and responsibly is an ongoing endeavor. That's why we're excited to introduce the revolutionary LiFePO4 Lithium Battery with Smart BMS – a game changer in energy storage. Say goodbye to traditional methods that lag in performance and environmental impact, while unlocking a whole new level of performance, longevity and flexibility. Join us as we dive into the myriad benefits this cutting edge technology brings to our homes, businesses and beyond. Get ready for a paradigm shift as we explore how this lithium battery with smart management system is set to transform our energy landscape for good!
Introduction to lithium batteries and the need for efficient energy storage
Lithium batteries have become an integral part of our modern world, powering everything from smartphones and laptops to electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. With the increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy sources, the need for efficient energy storage has never been greater. This is where lithium batteries come in.
Lithium batteries are a type of rechargeable battery that use lithium ions as their primary energy source. They have gained immense popularity over the years due to their high energy density, long life and lower maintenance requirements compared to traditional lead-acid batteries.
The need for efficient energy storage has become increasingly important as we turn to renewable energy sources such as solar panels and wind turbines. These sources produce intermittent power, meaning they only produce electricity when the sun or wind is shining. This creates a challenge to balance supply and demand, especially during peak usage periods.
This is where lithium batteries shine – they have a fast charge/discharge rate that makes them suitable for storing excess renewable energy during off-peak hours and releasing it during periods of peak demand. This not only helps stabilize the grid but also reduces our dependence on fossil fuels.
In addition, with the rise of electric vehicles (EVs), there is an increasing emphasis on developing efficient and lightweight battery solutions. Lithium batteries offer a higher energy density than traditional lead-acid batteries, making them ideal for powering electric vehicles with longer ranges and shorter charging times.
However, not all lithium batteries are created equal. The market is flooded with various items
What is a LiFePO4 lithium battery?
A LiFePO4 lithium battery, also known as a lithium iron phosphate battery, is a type of rechargeable battery that has been gaining popularity in recent years due to its numerous advantages over traditional lead-acid batteries. It is an advanced technology that has revolutionized energy storage and is used in a wide range of applications such as electric vehicles, solar systems and backup power systems.
The chemistry behind LiFePO4 lithium batteries makes them stand out from other types of lithium batteries. Unlike other lithium batteries that use cobalt oxide or manganese oxide, LiFePO4 batteries use iron phosphate as the cathode material. This not only makes them more environmentally friendly but also superior safety features.
One of the main advantages of using a LiFePO4 battery is its long life. These batteries have an estimated lifespan of 10-20 years depending on usage patterns and operating conditions. This is significantly longer than lead-acid batteries which typically last 3-5 years. The extended lifespan of LiFePO4 batteries can translate into cost savings in the long run as fewer replacements will be needed.
Another advantage of these batteries is their high energy density. They are able to store more energy per unit volume compared to lead-acid batteries, making them a more compact and efficient choice for energy storage solutions. This feature makes them ideal for use on portable devices such as laptops and mobile phones where space is limited.
LiFePO4 lithium batteries also have a
Advantages of LiFePO4 lithium batteries with Smart BMS
LiFePO4 lithium batteries with intelligent BMS (Battery Management System) are rapidly gaining popularity in the energy storage industry. This advanced technology offers many advantages over traditional lead-acid batteries, making them a game changer for both residential and commercial applications.
1. Longer life: One of the biggest advantages of LiFePO4 lithium batteries with smart BMS is their long life. These batteries can last up to 10 times longer than traditional lead-acid batteries, making them a more economical option in the long run. Smart BMS helps optimize battery performance and protect against factors that can reduce b
Introduction to the knowledge of lithium batteries
Lithium batteries for photovoltaic is a type of rechargeable battery that uses graphite or other carbon materials as a negative electrode and lithium-containing compounds as a positive electrode. It is a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as a positive / negative electrode material and uses a non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
1. The development of lithium batteries
In 1981 the first patent for lithium ion batteries was issued.
In 1992, SONY began mass production of lithium-ion batteries for civilian use.
In 1998 a large number of square lithium ion batteries were released on the market, occupying a large market share.
In 1999, China began mass production of lithium-ion batteries.
Second, the classification of lithium batteries
1. Sort by shape
Cylindrical lithium battery
Lithium batteries for photovoltaics Cylindrical lithium ion batteries generally have a 5-digit model name. The first two digits are the diameter of the battery, the middle two digits are its height battery and the last digit 0 represents a cylindrical shape and the unit is millimeters.
The most commonly used cylindrical lithium batteries:
Lithium battery 18650
Lithium battery 14500
Lithium battery 18500
Lithium battery 21700
Lithium battery 26650
32650 (32700) lithium battery
Square lithium battery
The square lithium battery is usually referred to as the square aluminum shell or steel shell lithium battery, which is widely used in topography and mapping, medical equipment and portable test equipment.
2. Classification by shell
Lithium battery made of steel
Lithium batteries for photovoltaics The first lithium ion batteries were mainly steel cases. Due to the heavy weight and poor safety of the steel shell, the stability of the steel is strong. At a later stage, many manufacturers optimized the design structure through safety valves, PTC and other devices, which significantly increased its safety performance. Some of them directly replaced the steel case, using an aluminum case and a soft case, such as the current cell phone battery.
Lithium battery with aluminum shell
Aluminum-shell lithium-ion batteries are slightly better than steel-shell lithium-ion batteries due to their lighter weight and safety.
Soft lithium battery pack
Flexible packaged lithium ion batteries are gradually expanding their market share due to their light weight, low mold opening costs and high security.
3. Classification by cathode material
There are currently four types of cathode materials used in lithium ion batteries:
Lithium oxide battery
Lithium manganese battery
Lithium iron phosphate battery
Manganese (triple) lithium cobalt nickel battery
The comparison of the characteristics of the lithium ion battery cathode materials is as follows:
work | Lithium oxide battery | Nickel cobalt manganese (trimeric) | Lithium manganese oxide | Lithium iron phosphate |
Tap density (g / cm3) | 2,8-3,0 | 2.0-2.3 | 2.2-2.4 | 1,0 to 1,4 |
Special area (m2 / g) | 0,4-0,6 | 0,2-0,4 | 0,4-0,8 | 12-20 |
Gram capacity (mAh / g) | 135-140 | 140-180 | 90-100 | 130-140 |
Voltage platform (V) | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.2 |
Cycle performance | 500 times | 500 times | 300 times | 2000 times |
Security performance | Difference | better | Good | super |
Applicable field | Small and medium battery | Small battery / small power battery | Power battery, low cost battery | High capacity battery / power supply |
4. Classification by electrolyte
Liquid lithium ion battery
Liquid ion batteries use a liquid electrolyte, which is an organic solvent + lithium salt.
Rd
Lithium batteries for photovoltaics: Lithium ion polymer batteries are replaced by solid polymer electrolytes. This polymer can be in the "dry state" or "colloidal state". Most polymer gel electrolytes are currently in use. The polymer matrix is mainly HFP-PVDF, PEO, PAN and PMMA.
All solid state lithium ion batteries
"Solid state lithium battery" is a type of lithium battery in which the electrodes and electrolyte materials used in the operating temperature range are solid and contain no liquid components, hence the full name "lithium batteries of all solid electrolytes".
Third, the scope of application of lithium batteries
1. Field of consumer goods
It is mainly used in digital products, mobile phones, mobile power supplies, laptops and other electronic equipment. 18650 lithium batteries and lithium polymer batteries are commonly used.
2. Industrial sector
It is mainly used in medical electronics, photovoltaic energy storage systems, railway infrastructure, security communications, topography and mapping and other fields. Lithium storage / power supply batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, polymer lithium batteries and 18650 lithium batteries are commonly used.
3. Special fields
It is mainly used in the fields of aerospace, naval ships, satellite navigation, natural high energy, etc. Extremely low temperature lithium batteries, high temperature lithium batteries, titanium lithium batteries, explosion-proof lithium batteries and so on are commonly used.
Four lithium battery parameters
1. Trend
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The potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of a lithium battery is called the nominal voltage of the lithium battery. The rated voltage is determined by the electrode potential of the plate material and the internal electrolyte concentration.
Open circuit voltage
The voltage at the terminals of a lithium battery in the open circuit state is called the open circuit voltage. The open circuit voltage of a lithium battery is equal to the difference between the reduction potential of the positive electrode and the negative potential of the electrode of the lithium battery.
Lithium batteries for photovoltaics: Operating voltage
The operating voltage refers to the voltage that occurs during the discharge process of the lithium battery after the load is connected, also known as the discharge voltage. The operating voltage at the beginning of the lithium battery discharge is called the starting voltage.
Recommended voltages for lithium batteries:
12V lithium battery
24V lithium battery
36V lithium battery
48V lithium battery
2. Capacity
The amount of electricity that a lithium battery can deliver under certain discharge conditions is called the lithium battery capacity, which is represented by the symbol C. The unit most commonly used is ampere, referred to as ampere (Ah) or milliampere (mAh). ).
The capacity of a lithium battery is affected by the positive electrode material used, the battery temperature, the discharge rate and the voltage.
3. Internal resistance
The internal resistance of a lithium battery refers to the resistance when current flows through the inside of the lithium battery and the internal resistance affects the voltage of the lithium battery.
4. Life cycle
The lifespan of a lithium battery is generally expressed in terms of the number of uses. A cycle represents a complete charge and discharge cycle of the lithium battery (i.e., the lithium battery is charged from empty to full and then discharged from full to empty).
Note: Lithium batteries have better cycle characteristics and can generally maintain about 80% of capacity after 500 cycles.
5. Unloading rate
Discharge rate refers to the current size of the lithium battery when discharged. It is generally expressed in C and is expressed by the formula:
Lithium batteries for photovoltaics: Discharge rate = discharge current / rated capacity
Note: Since lithium batteries use an organic solvent electrolyte, the conductivity is generally only a few percent that of a lead-acid or alkaline battery electrolyte. Therefore, when a lithium-ion battery is discharged at high current, it is too late for Li + to be replenished by the electrolyte and a voltage drop will occur.
6. Working temperature
The operating temperature of a lithium battery refers to the environment in which the lithium battery can be adapted and to the temperature of the battery itself when it can maintain normal charging and discharging functions.
When the lithium battery is at a low temperature, the discharge platform will decrease to some extent. When the temperature is high, it will affect the performance of the battery cycle and cause the battery to swell slightly. Therefore, it is generally recommended that the battery be operated in the 0-40 ° C range.
5. Lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries
work | lithium battery | Lead-acid batteries | NiMH batteries |
Energy density (wh / kg) | 200 ~ 260 wh / kg | 50 ~ 70 wh / kg | 40 ~ 70 wh / kg |
Open circuit voltage (v) | 3,6V | 2,0V | 1,2V |
Life cycle (times) | 300-2500 | 400-600 | 300-350 |
Charging speed | quickly | slow | very slow |
Memory effects | no one | no one | I have |
Environmental performance | Low pollution | High pollution | Low pollution |
Six, Lithium PACK battery
Lithium battery PACK mainly refers to the processing and assembly of lithium batteries, which mainly process batteries, protective plates, BMS, binders, label paper, etc., into products required by customers through the combination of PACK battery process.
Seven, lithium battery safety test
The best lithium battery must meet the safety standard UL2054 (lithium battery) and complete the following tests:
Electrical performance test
1. Short circuit test
2. Abnormal charge test
3. Forced overload test
4. Forced evacuation test
5. Limited voltage test
Mechanical test
1. Compression test (Crush test)
2. Test vibration
Peripheral test
1. Casting pressure release test
2. Combustion test
3. Spray test
Environmental testing
1. Heating test
2. Thermal cycle test
8. Transport of lithium batteries
The methods of transporting lithium batteries include air transport, water transport and land transport. The most commonly used are air and sea transport.
Because lithium is a metal that is highly prone to chemical reactions, it is easy to expand and burn, so the packaging and transport of lithium batteries are not handled properly and are prone to burning and explosion.
Packaging requirements for lithium batteries:
1. It must be packed in the United Nations standard package specified in the DGR Dangerous Goods regulations in accordance with the applicable packing instructions and the corresponding number must appear on the package.
2. Category 9 hazard labels must be affixed.
3. The dangerous goods declaration form must be completed and the corresponding dangerous packaging certificate must be presented.
Transport requirements for lithium batteries:
1. The battery must pass the UN 38.3 test requirements and the 1,2 meter drop pack test.
2. The dangerous goods declaration documents provided shall bear the UN number.
3. The battery must be protected to avoid short circuit and in the same package it must be prevented from coming into contact with conductive materials which may cause a short circuit.
4. To avoid strong vibrations during the handling process, use angle guards to protect the vertical and horizontal sides of the pallet.
Nine, how to properly use lithium batteries
Lithium batteries for photovoltaics: Lithium Battery Storage - The most critical storage conditions for lithium batteries are temperature and humidity. It is recommended to store them in an environment with a temperature of 20 ° C. Pay attention to humidity and humidity and do not leave the lithium battery in a state of power loss. Do not press, knock or store in places with strong static electricity and strong magnetic fields.
Lithium battery charging and discharging - don't overcharge, don't use inferior chargers, don't blindly use high speed chargers. Do not discharge more than 80% of the battery capacity.