battery, cost, photovoltaic, energy, new technology

Aluminum-sulfur battery for small-scale storage at $8,99/kWh

Aluminum-sulfur battery for small-scale storage at $8,99/kWh

battery, cost, photovoltaic, energy, new technology

battery, cost, photovoltaic, energy, new technology

Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a battery with two electrodes made of aluminum and sulfur, and a molten salt electrolyte placed between them. They said that sulfur electrodes with a high loading of 12,0 mg cm2 can maintain a high capacity of 520 mAh g–1 over 100 cycles at 5 C.

A research team led by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has developed a new type battery aluminum-sulfur which is supposed to be resistant to dendritic short-circuiting.

"The battery is intended for stable, small-scale energy storage applications," said researcher Donald R. Sadoway. "Commercialization underway at US-based startup Avanti Battery Company".

Dendrites are tiny, needle-like projections that can grow inside a battery and cause a number of unwanted effects, including, in the worst case, complete battery failure and even fires.

The battery is based on two aluminum and sulfur electrodes and a molten salt electrolyte placed between them. The electrolyte consisted of sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl) and aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) and was prepared with high levels of AlCl 3 .

"We show that these are key to supporting ultrafast aluminum electrodeposition (cell charging) while impairing dendrite formation," the scientists said, referring to the three compounds.

They are extremely cheap and abundant compared to the lithium, nickel, cobalt and graphite used in lithium-ion batteries.

"The chloroaluminate we chose essentially removed the dendrites, while also allowing very fast charging," Sadoway explained. "We did experiments with very high charging rates, charging in less than a minute, and we never lost cells due to dendrite shorting."

The researchers said that the sulfur electrodes with a high charge of 12,0 mg cm 2 can maintain a high capacity of 520 mAh g –1 more than 100 cycles at 5 C.

"We attribute the full accessibility of the electrode capacitance to the advantageously low surface tension of the chloroaluminate melt," they said.

"Our battery has a double economic benefit. First, given the great abundance of all components, aluminum, sulfur, NaCl, KCl and AlCl 3 , the estimated cell-level cost of our Al-S battery is as low as $8,99 per kWh, which is 12% to 16% of that of current Li-ion batteries,” he said the academic. "We also show that using low-grade aluminum (for example, food packaging foil) in the negative electrode does not lead to appreciable degradation of cell performance."

The research team included members from Peking University, Yunnan University, Wuhan University of Technology, University of Louisville, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Waterloo.

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battery, cost, photovoltaic, energy, new technology,

battery, cost, photovoltaic, energy, new technology,

A research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has developed an extremely cheap aluminum-sulfur battery.

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